<p>The Temple of Saturn stood in the SW corner of the *Forum, between the *Vicus Iugarius and the *Clivus Capitolinus. There were a number of traditions about its foundation (cf. Coarelli), all of which assigned the temple to the earliest years of the Republic. The rebuilding of the temple by L. Munatius Plancus (Suet., <i>Aug</i>. 29.5: <i>a Munatio Planco aedes Saturni</i>; <i>CIL</i> VI 1316; <i>CIL</i> X 6087) must have begun in the late 40s B.C.; it became one of the last great monuments paid for by an individual outside the imperial family. There is broad consensus among scholars that the massive podium visible today is that of Plancus (cf. Pensabene 6, fig. 1). The architrave records the Senate’s restoration of the temple after it had burned (<i>CIL</i> VI 937), probably in the 4th c. A.D., and the surviving superstructure dates to this later period. Very little remains of the original staircase, which probably contained the state treasury (<i>aerarium Saturni</i> or <i>aerarium populi Romani</i>; see Coarelli for the references). The stair has been restored on the basis of the Severan Marble Plan (Carettoni <i>et al.</i>, <i>Pianta</i> pl. 21; Rodríguez Almeida, <i>Forma</i> pl. 13, frag. 19), which most scholars, following Lugli, identify as the Temple of Saturn (but cf. Richardson).</p>