<p>Republican Temple to Mars located near the *Circus Flaminius, erected <i>ex manubiis</i> by D. Brutus Callaicus between 135 and 130 B.C., after his Spanish triumph (Val. Max. 8.14.2; Coarelli 1997, 493). The temple was planned by Hermodorus of Salamis (Corn. Nep. in Prisc.,<i>Gramm.</i> 8.17.4=Nep. frg. 26 Peter: <i>aedes Martis ... in circo Flaminio</i>) and contained the cult statues of both Mars and Venus (Pliny, <i>NH</i> 36.26).</p> <p>Remains of a hexastyle peripteral temple near the Church of S. Salvatore in Campo (in the N Circus Flaminius) were first identified in 1838 (Vespignani); its architectural elements are assigned to the early Republican period on account of their mixture of native Italic and Hellenistic Greek features (Zevi, <i>LTUR</i> 228; id. 1976, 1055). A fragment of the Severan Marble Plan (Rodríguez Almeida, <i>Forma</i> pl. 42, frag. 37) that depicts part of a peripteral temple with a long, narrow <i>cella</i> and an <i>aditus</i> — just as Cicero (<i>Arch.</i> 11.27) describes the <i>aedes Martis</i>— is placed in the area of S. Salvatore in Campo. Moreover, archival documents found by Tortorici (74) report the discovery in S. Salvatore of fragments of a colossal statue depicting a goddess, perhaps the cult statue of Venus described by Pliny (<i>loc. cit.</i>). To our knowledge, there is only one temple, that of Mars, in the vicinity of the *Circus Flaminius with a period of construction consistent with the architectural features of the remains under S. Salvatore in Campo.</p>