<p>The Temple of Iuppiter Tonans was vowed by Augustus in 26 B.C. after he narrowly escaped lightning and dedicated in 22 B.C. It was located <i>in Capitolio</i> (<i>RG</i> 19: <i>aedes in Capitolio ... et Iovis Tonantis</i>; Suet., <i>Aug</i>. 29.3, 91.2; Pliny, <i>NH</i> 34.79, 36.50), and is humorously described as the gatekeeper for the Temple of *Iuppiter Optimus Maximus (Suet., <i>Aug</i>. 91.2; Dio Cass. 54.4.2-4). It is thus generally placed at the entrance to the *Area Capitolina at the top of the *Clivus Capitolinus (Reusser 1993, 41 with n.59, cf. 34 fig. 4). Reusser puts it S of the Clivus Capitolinus, since those who place it to the N (Richardson, von Sydow) often identify it with the square cement remains of a podium that lie SE of the Temple of Iuppiter Optimus Maximus and are probably Imperial in date (Reusser, <i>LTUR</i>; s.v. Area Capitolina). The best testimony for the location of this temple lies in the fact that it stood next to the shrine of *Fortuna Primigenia (<i>CIL</i> XIV 2852.1=<i>ILS</i> 3696). This shrine stood above the Clivus Capitolinus, so it is likely that the Temple of Iuppiter Tonans stood on the N side of the entrance of the Area Capitolina, between the cement podium and the road. The one voice of dissent to this general location is Gros, who identifies Iuppiter Tonans as the larger of the two temples shown on the Severan Marble Plan fragment depicting the S corner of the Area Capitolina (Rodríguez Almeida, <i>Forma</i> frag. 31 abc; s.v. *Capitolium: Marble Plan Temples). Gros offers a highly conjectural argument which ultimately rests on an outdated placement of the *Saxum Tarpeium.</p>